Mostrando postagens com marcador Police. Mostrar todas as postagens
Mostrando postagens com marcador Police. Mostrar todas as postagens

quinta-feira, 16 de agosto de 2018

VIDEO: 'Routine' Traffic Stop Ends In Gun Battle, Trooper Shot In Femoral Artery


image source: https://www.themaven.net/bluelivesmatter

Prosecutors have released dashcam footage of a traffic stop that abruptly turned violent.
Plainfield, PA – Dashcam footage that showed the near-fatal roadside shootout between Pennsylvania State police and an armed assailant was released by prosecutors on Thursday (video below).
The video’s release came six weeks after Daniel Clary, 22, was convicted of attempting to murder Pennsylvania State Trooper Ryan Seiple and Corporal Seth Kelly, The Morning Call reported.
The incident occurred on Nov. 7, 2017, after Trooper Seiple pulled Clary over for speeding.
The seemingly unremarkable stop initially concluded after the trooper handed Clary a citation for the traffic violation and began to drive away.
Suddenly, Clary motioned for trooper to come back over to speak with him. During the conversation that ensued, Trooper Seiple began to suspect that Clary was under the influence of marijuana, and radioed for assistance, The Morning Call reported.
Cpl. Kelly arrived at the scene, and the troopers began running Clary through field sobriety testing.
Dashcam footage showed the troopers as they led Clary to the rear of his vehicle and instructed him to place his hands behind his back.
But instead of complying with their commands, Clary spun around and began scuffling with the officers, and attempted to gain control of Cpl. Kelly’s firearm.
At one point, he managed to dislodge Trooper Seiple’s ammunition magazine, The Morning Call reported.
When Cpl. Kelly’s backup weapon fell to the ground during the roadside brawl, Trooper Seiple recovered and cleared the handgun before tossing it to the side.
According to court testimony, Trooper Seiple tased Clary twice, while Cpl. Kelly tased him a total of five times, The Morning Call reported.
As the trio wrestled on the ground and in the traffic lane, Trooper Seiple delivered five body strikes, while Cpl. Kelly struck Clary nine times and delivered a knee strike.
With Clary’s attempts to gain the officer’s weapons thwarted, he retreated back to his vehicle and recovered his own weapon, the video showed.
According to court testimony by an expert witness who examined the footage frame-by-frame, Trooper Seiple and Clary shot each other simultaneously, The Morning Call reported.
“I didn’t want to die in the highway, in the gravel I was crawling in,” Trooper Seiple testified. He said he pictured his newborn daughter in his mind as he scrambled to find cover.
In the shootout that ensued, Clary fired a total of six rounds, severing Cpl. Kelly’s femoral artery. The troopers fired a combined total of 41 rounds at their attacker, who ultimately fled the scene in his vehicle.
In the aftermath, Trooper Seiple frantically cinched a tourniquet around the corporal’s thigh, but the situation looked bleak. He had also been shot in the neck and shoulder, The Morning Call reported.
“We were losing Cpl. Kelly,” Trooper Seiple explained during his court testimony. “He was fading from us.”
By the time Cpl. Kelly arrived at St. Luke’s University Hospital by air ambulance, he was in full cardiac arrest, trauma surgeon Dr. James Cipolla testified.
“That means his heart had stopped and he was dead,” Cipolla explained. He estimated that the corporal had been in cardiac arrest for between five and 10 minutes, The Morning Call reported.
The trauma surgeon cut open Cpl. Kelly’s chest, spread his ribs, and manually massaged his heart to stimulate it to beat.
Although most “massive” blood transfusions require between six and 10 units of blood, Cpl. Kelly required 60 units, Cipolla testified.
After he was apprehended, Clary insisted that the troopers had acted aggressively during the stop, and that they shot at him first, causing him to fear for his life – claims that were clearly contradicted by the dashcam footage.
During his trial, Clary’s attorney, Janet Jackson, argued that her client was scared to be receiving his first speeding ticket, and that he was surprised when the troopers began to handcuff him.
Clary acted in self-defense, Jackson claimed.
Within days of the incident, Northampton County District Attorney John Morganelli determined that Trooper Seiple and Cpl. Kelly were justified in using deadly force against Clary.
“These cops used extreme restraint in these circumstances,” Morganelli said, according to The MorningCall. “This gentleman acted so quickly and so fast that I’m amazed both these troopers survived this incident.”
Clary’s sentencing is scheduled for Aug. 31.
You can watch dashcam footage of the harrowing shootout in the video below:
url: https://www.themaven.net/bluelivesmatter/news/video-routine-traffic-stop-ends-in-gun-battle-trooper-shot-in-femoral-artery-iKIJ6JrABUKtQSjYQK6CCg/

sexta-feira, 19 de janeiro de 2018

A History of the Fraternal Order of Police


image souce: http://fop5.org/
In 1915, the life of a policeman was bleak. In many communities they were forced to work 12 hour days, 365 days a year. Police officers didn't like it, but there was little they could do to change their working conditions. There were no organizations to make their voices heard; no other means to make their grievances known.

Brazilian police officer Israel Pereira Coutinho visits the LOP 5# in Philadelphia - Pa
 - Personal photo library

This soon changed, thanks to the courage and wisdom of two Pittsburgh patrol officers. Martin Toole and Delbert Nagle knew they must first organize police officers, like other labor interests, if they were to be successful in making life better for themselves and their fellow police officers. They and 21 others "who were willing to take a chance" met on May 14, 1915, and held the first meeting of the Fraternal Order of Police. They formed Fort Pitt Lodge #1. They decided on this name due to the anti-union sentiment of the time. However, there was no mistaking their intentions. As they told their city mayor, Joe Armstrong, the FOP would be the means "to bring our aggrievances before the Mayor or Council and have many things adjusted that we are unable to present in any other way...we could get many things through our legislature that our Council will not, or cannot give us."

 Image source:Israel Coutinho personal photo library

And so it began, a tradition of police officers representing police officers. The Fraternal Order of Police was given life by two dedicated police officers determined to better their profession and those who choose to protect and serve our communities, our states, and our country. It was not long afterward that Mayor Armstrong was congratulating the Fraternal Order of Police for their "strong influence in the legislatures in various states,...their considerate and charitable efforts" on behalf of the officers in need and for the FOP's "efforts at increasing the public confidence toward the police to the benefit of the peace, as well as the public."

From that small beginning the Fraternal Order of Police began growing steadily. In 1917, the idea of a National Organization of Police Officers came about. Today, the tradition that was first envisioned over 90 years ago lives on with more than 2,100 local lodges and more than 325,000 members in the United States. The Fraternal Order of Police has become the largest professional police organization in the country. The FOP continues to grow because we have been true to the tradition and continued to build on it. The Fraternal Order of Police are proud professionals working on behalf of law enforcement officers from all ranks and levels of government.

sexta-feira, 22 de setembro de 2017

Man Acting Crazy On Bus Gets Shot By Cops



Video from a deadly officer-involved shooting in northwest Oklahoma City was released Monday. Police say the events started June 24th. Miguel Angel Chavez-Angles first encountered police around 12:33 p.m. at the St. James Catholic Church in the 1100 block of S.W. 45th. Church staff told police that Chavez was praying at the church and was very upset about his potential divorce. He was reportedly banging his head on the floor.
Officials say an officer spoke with Chavez and he agreed to go to St. Anthony's Hospital for an evaluation. He was transported to St. Anthony's around 1:35 p.m. and discharged from the hospital about two hours later. At 4:30 p.m., police say Chavez called his wife and told her he was walking the streets, trying to find a ride. About fives minutes later, police received reports about a kidnapping near 11th and Walker.
Chavez allegedly got into a vehicle with two women and told them to drive. Witnesses followed the vehicle Chavez was driving all the way to N.W. 22nd and Western, where he allegedly got out of the car and ran into O'Reilly Auto Parts and locked the door. Police say the store manager asked Chavez to leave. That is when he allegedly ran to a nearby city bus. An officer followed behind him.
Police say the surveillance video from the bus shows Chavez was acting aggressively towards the officers. On the security video, Chavez is heard urging to bus driver to drive. "I will give you whatever you want," Chavez said. He asks the driver not to open the door, and tells him to keep driving. In the video, Chavez is seen grabbing one of the fire extinguishers on the bus and taking the pin out.
That is when the bus driver, John Mobley Jr., asks Chavez to get off the bus. When Chavez refuses to get off the bus, Mobley then stops the bus and asks everyone on the bus to get off. Police officers quickly arrive on scene. When Chavez sees Officer Heather Lane, he attempts to throw the fire extinguisher at her. However, when the fire extinguisher slips out of his hand, he reaches for Officer Lane's gun.

The two struggle for the weapon and then one shot goes off. Police say that is when Officer Daniel Carli gets on the bus to assist Officer Lane. Officer Carli then fires several shots, striking Chavez. Police say Chavez died on the bus. The two officers involved remain on restricted duty.

Source: TITANVORTEX

quarta-feira, 7 de junho de 2017

Alleges drug dealer raided by police while showing off cash in Facebook Live stream

Swat Team threw smoke bomb before descending on the property, neighbour say



An alleged drug dealer filmed himself showing off wads of cash during a live online video stream when his house was raided by police.
Breon Hollings was arrested after officers found a handgun, ammunition, crack cocaine, oxycodone pills and drug paraphernalia in his trailer, according to an arrest report obtained by Action News Jax.
The online video on Facebook Live appears to show the 22-year-old money around while speaking incoherently at the camera. 
Breon Hollings waving money at the camera moments before SWAT team descends on his trailer (Facebook/ Breon Hollings)
He said: “This s*** don’t stop, man. We got [sic] on this s*** man. This [sic] don’t stop man.”
Approximately one minute into the recording, he appears to pause after hearing the officers before looking outside.
One of them can be heard announcing their presence and their search warrant, before neighbours say they hurled smoke grenades into the home before moving in.
Breon Hollings (Jacksonville Police)
Mr Hollings quickly left the room, but was arrested moments later.
The police said the search warrant had been planned for that day and that the video had nothing to do with it.
He has been charged with possession of a weapon or ammunition as a convicted Florida felon, possession of paraphernalia for the manufacture or delivery of drugs, possession of a controlled substance and possession of cocaine.
Facebook users condemned his actions. 
Url: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/drugs-arrest-facebook-live-police-florida-breon-hollings-22-years-old-video-caught-a7770766.html 

sexta-feira, 2 de junho de 2017

Police seize 60 assault rifles at Rio de Janeiro airport


Members of Rio de Janeiro's civil police display some seized rifled in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June 1, 2017. EFE/Marcelo Sayao

Rio de Janeiro, Jun 1 (EFE).- Police seized 60 assault rifles hidden in a cargo container at the Rio de Janeiro international airport, authorities said Thursday.
The shipment of swimming pool heaters dispatched from Miami also contained 45 AK47 rifles, 14 AR15's and one G3 rifle, all heavy caliber military weapons.
In Brazil, the weapons hidden in the shipment are considered war materiel and their use is exclusively reserved for the armed forces.
This is the largest seizure of this kind of weapons in a single operation in the last 10 years in Rio, where there are ongoing armed clashes among bands of gunmen vying for control over illegal drug sales points.
Participating in the operation conducted at the airport's cargo terminal, which resulted in the arrests of four people, were agents from the Rio de Janeiro state police's special unit dealing with munitions and explosives.
The seizure was made possible thanks to a year-long investigation and information obtained from court-ordered wiretaps of telephone calls.
The investigation began with the confiscation of a weapon used in the murder of a police officer in Sao Gonzalo, a municipality in greater Rio. Police were able to trace the serial number of the weapon to determine its origin.
With Thursday's seizure, police have confiscated 250 assault rifles within the past 5 months in Rio de Janeiro.
Assault rifles are the weapons preferred by drug trafficking gangs that control several of Rio's main shantytowns, or "favelas," since they enable them to attack the police from the positions they occupy on the crests of hills within the slums.
Murders in Rio totaled 7,699 in 2007, but - with the government's aggressive plan to "pacify" the favelas and drive out the drug gangs - the number of killings fell to 4,666 in 2012, although they resurged to 6,248 last year. EFE
Source: http://www.worldnewsenespanol.com/

terça-feira, 23 de maio de 2017

Ariana Grande Attack Aftermath: How Vulnerable Is the U.K. to Extremism?


image source: Internet
Joseph Hincks
At least 22 people have been killed and around 59 injured after a suicide bomb attack at Monday night's Ariana Grande concert at the Manchester Arena, a 21,000 capacity concert venue in the U.K.'s third most populous city.
Greater Manchester Police chief constable Ian Hopkins said police believe the attacker was a lone wolf who died at the scene, although they are trying to establish if the attacker was part of a network. No organization has yet claimed responsibility or involvement in the atrocity, but there are good reasons to fear the operations of terror groups, and self-radicalized, religiously inspired lone wolves in the U.K.

1. Approximately 850 Britons have joined jihadist organizations in Syria and Iraq

In August 2014 British Prime Minister Theresa May, who was at the time Home Secretary, raised the U.K's terror threat level to 'severe' meaning that an attack was highly likely. The severe threat level—one below 'critical', which signifies an imminent attack—was raised in response to warnings of threats posed by British jihadists returning from fighting in Syria and Iraq.
British intelligence agencies estimate that approximately 850 people from the U.K. travelled to Syria and Iraq to fight for or support jihadist organizations there. As of February this year about half had returned, the BBC reports. By March, security officials said they were preparing for the return of hundreds more fighters as ISIS loses territory. The group's stronghold cities of Mosul in Iraq and Raqqa in Northern Syria are both expected to fall this summer.
“It is possible they are going to return indoctrinated, deeply dangerous and damaged," one government source told The Guardian.

2. Terrorists have attempted to attack Manchester before

In November 2015, a New York City judge jailed Pakistan national Abid Naseer for 40 years after he was convicted of plotting mass suicide bomb attacks in Manchester in 2009.
Naseer, 29—who was extradited to the U.S. for trial—was arrested after intelligence services intercepted communications that suggested he was two days away from carrying out an attack at Manchester’s Arndale shopping center on a busy Easter weekend, the Manchester Evening News reports.
The plot involved a car bomb attack next to the shopping center, with subsequent suicide bombings at separate locations targeting those fleeing the initial blast. Nine other Pakistani nationals in the U.K. cities of Liverpool and Manchester were arrested along with Naseer.

3. British police are constantly anticipating an terrorist attack

Britain's most senior counter terrorism officer Mark Rowley said in March this year that the U.K. had thwarted 13 terror attacks since the murder of Lee Rigby, a solider hacked to death on the streets of southeast London in 2013. Some of those attacks, Rowley said, would have been on the scale of those carried out in Paris in 2015 and Brussels in 2016.
While U.K. intelligence services have a strong record of anticipating terrorist attacks—garnered in part through experience dealing with the Irish Republican Army (IRA) during the 1970s to 1990s—some are always expected to slip the net. Former Metropolitan Police Commissioner Sir Bernard Hogan-Howe wrote in August last year that it was a question "of when not if" an attack in Britain would occur.
This March, Britain Khalid Masood drove a car into pedestrians near the U.K. Parliament before stabbing a police officer in an attack that left five people dead, including himself. Last month, another attack near Parliament was thwarted after armed police swooped on a man carrying knives.If confirmed as a terrorist attack, Monday night's bombing would be the deadliest in Britain since four suicide bombers killed 52 people in coordinated attacks on London's transport system in July 2005.
url: http://time.com/4789816/manchester-ariana-grande-terrorism-islamist-extremism/


segunda-feira, 25 de abril de 2016

Colorado town’s entire police department just quit


image url: https://localtvwghp.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/185527304.jpg?w=400&h=225&crop=1

GREEN MOUNTAIN FALLS, Colo. — We’ve heard a lot the past few months about police leaders in major cities stepping down, but one Colorado town took things a step further — the entire department resigned.
The police department in Green Mountain Falls, Colorado, only had four employees, according to CNN affiliates: a marshal and three deputies. They haven’t spoken out publicly about what made them leave their positions in the small city of about 700 full-time residents.
“The town’s talking,” CNN affiliate KOAA reported, “but the few who know why the marshal suddenly left, so far, are not speaking up.”
The lights were out in the police station, CNN affiliate KXRM reported. Patrol cars remained empty and parked, covered with snow from a recent storm, according to KOAA. No one answered when CNN called several phone numbers tied to the department on Sunday. And the former marshal did not immediately respond to requests for comment.
Mayor Jane Newberry, who just took office last week in the town that’s about 15 miles northwest of Colorado Springs, told CNN she’s not sure what made the police marshal step down. The three deputies had to follow suit, she said, because they’re volunteers and can only work when there’s someone at the helm.
“In an election year, there’s always some people who choose to stay and some people who choose to go, and I think that happens at every level of government,” Newberry told KOAA .
Just because there aren’t currently police working for the city doesn’t mean there aren’t law enforcement officers protecting the town, or others who residents can call for help in Green Mountain Falls, she said.
“I’ve stressed many times that the town is perfectly safe,” she said. “One of the advantages of a small town — we have less than 700 full-time residents — is neighbors look out for each other.”
The El Paso County Sheriff’s Office already handled dispatch and provided backup for the town, spokeswoman Jacqueline Kirby told CNN. Now, they’ll play a greater role.
“Patrols will be stepped up based on need,” she said. “If they need extra patrol, we would be glad to help out.”
The Teller County Sheriff’s Office will also provide assistance, Newberry said, in addition to the Colorado State Patrol.
This isn’t the first time the town has been left without police. The marshal also stepped down in 2013 during a restructuring, Newberry said, and wasn’t rehired until four months later.
And this time around, she said, it shouldn’t be hard to fill the marshal’s shoes.
We have already received applications for the job of marshal even though the position has not been posted,” she said. “There are people who want to do it.”
TRADEMARK AND COPYRIGHT 2016 CABLE NEWS NETWORK, INC., A TIME WARNER COMPANY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

sexta-feira, 15 de abril de 2016

History of Pennsylvania Sheriffs


url: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Berks_County_Sheriff.png

Sheriff's Office 
The history of the Office of Sheriff is really a history of self-government. While some historians maintain that the Office of Sheriff derives from either the Roman proconsul, or the Arab Sharif (nobleman), it is generally accepted that the Office goes back historically to Anglo-Saxon England, (A.D. 500-1066).

According to Anglo-Saxon custom, if someone broke the law it was not just a crime against the victim, but a crime against the whole community. The Anglo-Saxon kings expected their subjects to keep good order, which they called "keeping the peace." A crime was an act against the peace and some of the more serious crimes were said to be "against the King's Peace." Eventually, the idea grew that all crimes were against the King's Peace. Under Anglo-Saxon rule it was the duty of the citizens themselves to see that the law was not broken, and if it was, to catch the offenders. All the males in the community between the ages of 12 and 60 were responsible for this duty. They were organized in groups of about ten families, and each group was called a "tything": At their head was a "tythingman." Each member of the tything was held responsible for the good behavior of the others. Ten tythings were led by a "reeve." If one member committed a crime, the others had to catch him and bring him before the court, or the "moot" as the Saxons called it. If they failed to do so they were all punished, usually by paying a fine. If anyone saw a crime he raised a "hue and cry" and all men had to join in the chase to catch the criminal and bring him before the court. Under Alfred the Great, (A.D. 871-901), reeves began to be combined, forming "shires" or counties. Each shire was led by a reeve. For minor offenses, people accused of crimes were brought before the local "folk moot." More serious cases went to the "Shire Court," which came under the "shire reeve" (meaning "keeper and chief of his county"), who came to be known as the Sheriff. After the Normans conquered England in A.D. 1066, they adopted many Anglo-Saxon law keeping methods, including the system of tythings, the use of the hue and cry, and the Sheriff's courts. In A.D. 1085, King William ordered a compilation of all taxable property in a census, and decreed that the Sheriff was to be the official tax collector of the king. In A.D. 1116, King Henry I established a new penal code. While the Crown reserved to itself the power to punish for violations of the penal code, it delegated to the sheriff the power to investigate and arrest. Through the next century, as the power of the King increased, so did the power of the Sheriff. During the Westminster Period, (1275-1500), the offices of "bailiff" and "sergeant" were created to supplement the Sheriff. However, county government remained in the hands of the Sheriff. By the year 1300, the Sheriff was the executive and administrative leader of the county. In addition to being the tax collector for the King, the Sheriff was head of the local military and was charged with assuring that the peace was maintained. The Sheriff presided over the prisoners and the court, and his authority was unparalleled by any other county official. When settlers left England to colonize the New World, they took with them many of their governmental forms.

When the first counties were established in Virginia in 1634, the Office of Sheriff in America began. Maryland soon followed this pattern, and in both states the Sheriff was delegated the same powers as the Sheriff held in England. As in England, respect for the Sheriff was strictly enforced by the law. A special seat was often reserved for the Sheriff in churches. Contempt against the Sheriff was an offense punishable by whipping. At this time, Sheriffs were responsible for both enforcing and punishing offenders. By the time of the American Revolution, all of the colonies had Sheriffs. When the American frontier began to move westward, so did the Sheriff. The 19th Century was the golden age of the American Sheriff, with characters like Wild Bill Hickok, Wyatt Earp, and Texas John Slaughter becoming a colorful part of American history. Today, the Office of Sheriff is found in almost every state in the Union. The Office of Sheriff was brought to the colony, which would become the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania by Dutch and English colonists before the time of William Penn. The Office was constitutionally mandated by all five of Pennsylvania's Constitutions, in 1776, 1790, 1838, 1873, and 1967. Throughout the years, the Sheriff in Pennsylvania has acquired many and varied responsibilities and obligations. The Sheriff acts in the capacity of peace officer, where his duty is to keep the peace and quell riots and disorders. He has jurisdiction to make arrests anywhere in the county, to make searches of premises, and to seize items or property owned or used in violation of the law. He is called upon to remove certain nuisances, and he issues licenses to sell or to carry firearms.

The Sheriff is empowered to appoint deputies, and the deputies have the same powers as the Sheriff when performing their duties. the Sheriff is also invested with the power of the "posse comitatus" (the power or force of the county), which is the power to call upon "the entire population of the county above the age of fifteen, which the Sheriff may summon to his assistance in certain cases, to aid him in keeping the peace, and in pursuing and arresting felons." Today, the Sheriff, like all law enforcement officers, is faced with unprecedented challenges. However, if history is a guide, there is little question that the Office of Sheriff will adapt, grow, and change to meet the needs of modern law enforcement. The Office of Sheriff is an integral part of the American law enforcement system; a descendant of an ancient and honorable tradition.

Office of Sheriff in Pennsylvania
The office of the sheriff was recognized in the earliest reports of English law. Throughout history, the sheriff was recognized as the chief law enforcement officer in his shire or county. This status remains today, unless it has been changed by statutory law. The sheriff is also given authority to appoint deputies which are necessary in order to properly transact the business of his office. The requirement for training of deputy sheriffs is specifically provided by stature, i.e., the Deputy Sheriffs' Education and Training Act (1984 P.L. 3 No.2). A review of statutory law provides little guidance in addressing the issue of the duties, power, and authority of a sheriff. Case law provides that, although a sheriff's primary responsibilities are to the courts, the sheriff retains all arrest powers he/she had at common investigation of crime. More importantly, since the sheriff retains all arrest powers he/she had at common law, he/she has the authority to enforce the criminal laws as well as the vehicle laws of Pennsylvania.

Training Requirements
The requirement for training of deputy sheriffs is specifically provided by statute. The Deputy Sheriffs' Education and Training Act was established in 1984. (1984 P.L.3, No. 2.) The Act established what is known as the Deputy Sheriffs' Education and Training Board as an advisory board to the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency. The board's function is to establish, implement, and administer a minimum course of study, as well as in-service training requirements for deputy sheriffs. The training is to consist of a minimum of 760 hours, the content of which is to be determined by regulation. The Act also provides that it is the duty of all sheriffs to insure that each deputy employed, who does not meet and exception, receives the training as required by the Act within one year of being hired as a deputy sheriff. Basic training shall consist of instruction in the topics of Introduction to Criminal Justice, Unified Court System of Pennsylvania, Civil Law and Procedure, Crimes Code and Criminal Procedure, Other Legal Issues, Court Security, Prisoner Transport, First Aid/CPR, Crisis Intervention, Families in Crisis, Firearms, Defensive Tactics, Less than Lethal Weapons, Emergency Vehicle Operations, Communications, Ethics and Professional Development, Technology and Law Enforcement, Physical Conditioning, Cultural Diversity, State and Local Anti-Terrorism Training, Special Needs Groups, PA Motor Vehicle Code, Motor Vehicle Collision Investigation/Hazardous Material, Patrol Procedures and Operations and Principles of Criminal Investigations.

A deputy sheriff shall attain at least the minimum score established by the Board on written tests designed for each topic area and shall demonstrate proficiency in all practical skills in order to successfully complete training and be certified by the Board.
Source: Deputy Sheriff Association of Pennsylvania (http://www.dsap.org/)